register<\/a><\/h3>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
New Wars, Old Wars, and Medieval Wars European Mercenaries as State Actors in Europe and North Africa, ca. 1100\u20131500 You must be logged in to view this content. Click here to register <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5,32],"tags":[105,130],"class_list":["post-28316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-academic","category-mercenaries","tag-academic","tag-mercenaries"],"yoast_head":"\n
New Wars, Old Wars, and Medieval Wars European Mercenaries as State Actors in Europe and North Africa, ca. 1100\u20131500 - Isenberg Institute of Strategic Satire<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New Wars, Old Wars, and Medieval Wars European Mercenaries as State Actors in Europe and North Africa, ca. 1100\u20131500 - Isenberg Institute of Strategic Satire\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"New Wars, Old Wars, and Medieval Wars European Mercenaries as State Actors in Europe and North Africa, ca. 1100\u20131500 You must be logged in to view this content. Click here to register \" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Isenberg Institute of Strategic Satire\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-10-11T10:17:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d9e91fd1a1523b3c7eebbee93de450a1\"},\"headline\":\"New Wars, Old Wars, and Medieval Wars European Mercenaries as State Actors in Europe and North Africa, ca. 1100\u20131500\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-10-11T10:17:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":36,\"commentCount\":0,\"keywords\":[\"Academic\",\"Mercenaries\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Academic\",\"Mercenaries\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\\\/\",\"name\":\"New Wars, Old Wars, and Medieval Wars European Mercenaries as State Actors in Europe and North Africa, ca. 1100\u20131500 - Isenberg Institute of Strategic Satire\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2017-10-11T10:17:16+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d9e91fd1a1523b3c7eebbee93de450a1\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"New Wars, Old Wars, and Medieval Wars European Mercenaries as State Actors in Europe and North Africa, ca. 1100\u20131500\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/\",\"name\":\"Isenberg Institute of Strategic Satire\",\"description\":\"Unpacking the Private Military Complex\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d9e91fd1a1523b3c7eebbee93de450a1\",\"name\":\"\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a5560375f973ec1134100139d0a52efec4a10061bf9bf693121c8bedec08ef8e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a5560375f973ec1134100139d0a52efec4a10061bf9bf693121c8bedec08ef8e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a5560375f973ec1134100139d0a52efec4a10061bf9bf693121c8bedec08ef8e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iissonline.net\\\/2026\\\/author\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"New Wars, Old Wars, and Medieval Wars European Mercenaries as State Actors in Europe and North Africa, ca. 1100\u20131500 - Isenberg Institute of Strategic Satire","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"New Wars, Old Wars, and Medieval Wars European Mercenaries as State Actors in Europe and North Africa, ca. 1100\u20131500 - Isenberg Institute of Strategic Satire","og_description":"New Wars, Old Wars, and Medieval Wars European Mercenaries as State Actors in Europe and North Africa, ca. 1100\u20131500 You must be logged in to view this content. Click here to register ","og_url":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\/","og_site_name":"Isenberg Institute of Strategic Satire","article_published_time":"2017-10-11T10:17:16+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\/"},"author":{"name":"","@id":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/#\/schema\/person\/d9e91fd1a1523b3c7eebbee93de450a1"},"headline":"New Wars, Old Wars, and Medieval Wars European Mercenaries as State Actors in Europe and North Africa, ca. 1100\u20131500","datePublished":"2017-10-11T10:17:16+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\/"},"wordCount":36,"commentCount":0,"keywords":["Academic","Mercenaries"],"articleSection":["Academic","Mercenaries"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\/","url":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\/","name":"New Wars, Old Wars, and Medieval Wars European Mercenaries as State Actors in Europe and North Africa, ca. 1100\u20131500 - Isenberg Institute of Strategic Satire","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/#website"},"datePublished":"2017-10-11T10:17:16+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/#\/schema\/person\/d9e91fd1a1523b3c7eebbee93de450a1"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/new-wars-old-wars-and-medieval-wars-european-mercenaries-as-state-actors-in-europe-and-north-africa-ca-1100-1500-2\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"New Wars, Old Wars, and Medieval Wars European Mercenaries as State Actors in Europe and North Africa, ca. 1100\u20131500"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/","name":"Isenberg Institute of Strategic Satire","description":"Unpacking the Private Military Complex","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/#\/schema\/person\/d9e91fd1a1523b3c7eebbee93de450a1","name":"","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a5560375f973ec1134100139d0a52efec4a10061bf9bf693121c8bedec08ef8e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a5560375f973ec1134100139d0a52efec4a10061bf9bf693121c8bedec08ef8e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a5560375f973ec1134100139d0a52efec4a10061bf9bf693121c8bedec08ef8e?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"url":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/author\/"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/phczRl-7mI","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28316"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28316\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iissonline.net\/2026\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}